The government has shared details of Constitution amendments made in the last twelve years. Notably, Parliament amended the Constitution eight times in this period. These run from the 99th to the 106th Amendment. Moreover, each one brought a major change in polity or governance.
List of Constitution Amendments (2014–2023)
- 99th Amendment, 2014: Set up the National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) to replace the collegium system. However, the Supreme Court struck it down in 2015.
- 100th Amendment, 2015: Gave effect to the India–Bangladesh Land Boundary Agreement.
- 101st Amendment, 2016: Introduced the Goods and Services Tax (GST).
- 102nd Amendment, 2018: Gave constitutional status to the National Commission for Backward Classes.
- 103rd Amendment, 2019: Provided 10 per cent reservation for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS).
- 104th Amendment, 2019: Extended SC and ST seat reservation in Lok Sabha and Assemblies till 25 January 2030. Also, it ended Anglo-Indian nominations.
- 105th Amendment, 2021: Restored the power of states to identify backward classes. It amended Articles 342A, 338B and 366.
- 106th Amendment, 2023: Reserved one-third of seats for women in Lok Sabha and state Assemblies.
How the Constitution Is Amended
Article 368 deals with amending the Constitution. Most amendments need a special majority in each House of Parliament. Furthermore, some amendments affecting federal features also need ratification by half of the states. For example, the GST amendment needed state approval.
Basic Structure Limit
Parliament can amend the Constitution, but not its basic structure. The Supreme Court laid down this doctrine in the Kesavananda Bharati case in 1973. Hence, the NJAC amendment failed this test.
Why Constitution Amendments Matter for UPSC and UKPSC
Notably, amendment numbers and subjects are classic prelims questions. So, remember each amendment with its year and subject. Also, revise Article 368 and the basic structure doctrine. For official texts, also visit Legislative Department. Next, for a related story, read about Ram Nath Kovind’s autobiography.
So, are you preparing for the UKPSC Upper PCS 2026 prelims? Then join our UKPSC 2026 Prelims Test Series for regular practice.