The e-FIR is now a key part of India’s new criminal law framework. Section 173 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023 allows it. Notably, a person can report a cognizable offence through electronic communication. However, the informant must sign the information within three days.
What Section 173 of BNSS Says
Under Section 173, anyone can report a cognizable offence to the police. Importantly, this applies no matter where the offence took place. Also, the person can give the information orally or by electronic means. If given orally, the officer must write it down. Then, the informant must sign it.
Rules for an e-FIR
When information comes by electronic communication, special rules apply. First, the officer in charge of the police station receives it. Next, the informant must sign it within three days. Only then does the police take it on record. Thus, the law balances ease of reporting with accountability.
Zero FIR Under BNSS
Section 173 also gives legal backing to the Zero FIR. In simple terms, a police station cannot refuse a complaint because the crime happened elsewhere. Instead, it must register it and send it to the right station. Hence, victims get quicker help.
Benefits of the e-FIR
- Victims can report crimes without visiting a police station.
- It saves time, especially for women and elderly people.
- It creates a clear digital record of the complaint.
- It reduces chances of police refusing to register a case.
About the New Criminal Laws
India replaced its old criminal laws from 1 July 2024. The BNSS replaced the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), 1973. Similarly, the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita replaced the Indian Penal Code. Also, the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam replaced the Indian Evidence Act. Notably, all three laws stress the use of technology.
Why the e-FIR Matters for UPSC and UKPSC
Notably, the new criminal laws are a hot topic for polity and governance. So, remember Section 173, the three-day signing rule and the Zero FIR. Also, compare the BNSS with the old CrPC. For official updates, also visit the Ministry of Home Affairs. Next, for a related story, read about PRAHAAR, India’s counter-terrorism policy.
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